In the male sex, development is marked by the increase in testicular volume exceeding 4 ml. Other pubertal signs include pubic and axillary hair, genital transformation, acne, and seborrhea. Puberty is a period of transition involving physical, cognitive, and psychological changes. In males, pubertal development is typically completed between 2 and 4 years. Various factors such as environmental, nutritional, socio-economic, and genetic influences contribute to the onset. Central precocious puberty activates before the age of 9. Diagnosis is based on personal and family history, signs of early puberty, and their rapidity. Definitive diagnosis requires the GnRH stimulation test. Therapy aims to slow down bone maturation and improve final height using GnRH analog drugs. Assessment of bone age is crucial. Delayed puberty occurs when secondary sexual characteristics do not appear by age 14. Constitutional growth and puberty delay is common, occurring in 65% of cases. A short course of testosterone stimulates progression without affecting final height.
When Does Pubic Hair Appear in Children?
It is considered normal for the first signs of puberty to appear between the ages of 10 and a half and 11 years. Precocious puberty occurs when it starts before the age of 9 in males. Menarche now occurs between 12 and 13 years. Studies show that some girls begin development between 7 and 8 years, being considered early if it starts before 7 in white girls and before 6 in African-American girls. Causes of precocious puberty include familial predisposition and environmental influences. Overweight and obesity can accelerate pubertal development. Education in sports, a healthy diet, and communication are essential in dealing with early puberty.
Understanding Precocious Puberty in Males
Precocious puberty occurs before the age of 9 in males, typically beginning between 9 and 14 years. It is less common in males compared to females. In girls, early puberty leads to breast development and premature appearance of pubic hair. In boys, it results in increased testicle and penile size and early appearance of pubic hair. Regulation begins with the production of GnRH from the hypothalamus. Overweight and obesity can trigger early puberty. Diagnosis involves blood tests and radiographs. Therapy varies depending on the type of precocious puberty and its cause.